A FREE lesson your learners will always remember! A New DVD Film, Death March from Bataan to Manchuria: Raising a Survivor's Voice Make teaching easier! New DVD Film, Discrepant Event Lesson Easter Island: Ghosts of Rapa Nui Discrepant Event Lesson A Whale of A Cow Tale Discrepant Event Home Tree Media Presentation about Discrepant Event Lesson: Humanity's Journey Models of Teaching, example Models of Teaching/Instruction The teaching method used in the DVD movie lesson, Discrepant Event Lesson: Humanity's Journey, is based on the work of Bruce Joyce, Marsha Weils, and Emily Calhoun. Proceeds from the lesson film, Discrepant Event Lesson: Humanity's Journey, will go to The Bruce Cultural Diversity Scholarship. The scholarship is also funded by a grant from the Jean and Bill Bruce Foundation for the Empowerment of Diversity Understanding (FEDU). Watch the Video below: Mad Cow Disease - Is Our Food Safe? 1,022 views UCTV: UC Davis 28 min 36 se Video Back to main Concept Attainment Lesson Free Discrepant Event, Friends, smoking & tobacco lesson William C. Bruce Associate Dean and Professor College of Education and Psychology Phone: (903) 566-7048 e-mail: wbruce@uttyler.edu http://www.hometreemedia.org Free Discrepant Event, Friends, smoking & tobacco Discrepant Events and Concept Attainment Syntax and Planning Lessons by Professor William C. Bruce Jean K. Bruce Taken from their books: Mindtronics! and Inquiry Alive! So, you want your students to develop thinking skills while they learn and apply lesson content? Discrepant Event Lesson First, before reading the lesson below, what is a discrepant event inquiry? Quick Overview A Discrepant event inquiry represents a teaching model initiated by a puzzling situation or event. Students ask questions, gather data, pose hypotheses, analyze information, synthesize answers, and draw tentative conclusions while constructing the best answer. WHAT ARE THE RULES OF A Discrepant Event Inquiry Lesson? Rule 1: Students phrase questions; the questions solicit yes or no responses. Rule 2: A student may ask as many questions in sequence as desired. Rule 3: The teacher refrains from answering theory questions with yes or no responses. Instead, the teacher answers using words similar to the following: "That’s a theory; let’s explore your theory more." Rule 4: Students may challenge any proposed theories, at any time. Rule 5: Students conduct conferences, without teacher participation, summarizing information and theories. Rule 6: A teacher provides reference materials during the inquiry. Explain the six rules to your students. Post the rules so every student can see the rules. After explaining the discrepant event inquiry rules, show the rules through examples. Typical interactions from students help any inquiry stand on solid footing, especially during the main lesson. As you define the rules to your students (during Phase One) reveal a hint about the discrepant event. A BRIEF OUTLINE of a Discrepant Event Inquiry Process Phase One: Presenting the Discrepant Event Explain the inquiry rules and procedures Pose the discrepant event Formulate the problem question Phase Two: Data Gathering/Verification Ask questions about objects and conditions Ask questions to verify the discrepancy Phase Three: Data Gathering/Experimentation Ask questions about important variables Ask hypothetical and casual questions Phase Four: Formulate an Explanation Summarize and reach a probable hypothesis Phase Five: Analyze the Inquiry Process Analyze questioning and strategy Develop new questioning strategies Metacognition WHAT IS A DISCREPANT EVENT INQUIRY LESSON MODULE? A discrepant event inquiry lesson module is a lesson that presents discrepant events from science, social studies, and nearly any disciplines. Each lesson module includes the following features: a discrepant event inquiry a list of a discipline or disciplines involved a list of key concepts, a list of problem statements a list of probable solutions, a list of possible student hypotheses fact sheet(s) a list of references and resources a list of external links a suggested grade level Do you want to become a master of inquiry teaching? Mindtronics! and Inquiry Alive! Copyright Info. The following lesson is excerpted from Mindtronics! and Inquiry Alive! by William C. Bruce and Jean K. Bruce. Copyright © 2004-2006. Reproduced by permission. All rights reserved. Teachers are permitted to use this lesson in their classrooms providing they include copyright information. Please also include this Web site address. Note: The following lesson format will look different, here, than in your CD-ROM books, Mindtronics! and Inquiry Alive! Please, use this lesson only in your classrooms. * Remember, please, to include our copyright information. A Whale of A Cow Tale Discrepant Event Slaughterhouse personnel estimated, in the U.S., that 30,860,000 cattle and 1,353,000 calves entered their doors,during 1992. About 60-percent of the total weight of cattle and calves provided meat for people in the U.S. and for export, according to the animal rendering industry. However, the equivalent of about 11 billion pounds of cow parts or 12,885,200 cows disappeared. Ishmael H. Melville, an ex-meat packer, now a butchery specialist at Moby Slaughterhouse Number 5, said. “Cows give us something to think about. Are they just hamburger? Cows don’t just surrender, you know. They’re fighters, right to the end. Cows are noble creatures. But, I sure love a good steak.” Eventually, if mad cow disease reaches the U.S. and it has in other countries, the missing 11 billion pounds of beef would pose a threat to our health. All beef products would pose a threat to the health of U.S. consumers. The beef products would also pose a threat to the consumers in countries receiving exported beef. A Whale of a Cow Tale, DISCIPLINE: Life Science. KEY CONCEPTS: Cattle, “Mad Cow” Disease, Foot-and-Mouth Disease, Beef By-Products. PROBLEM STATEMENT: Animal renderers in the U.S. are doing “something” with almost 13 billion pounds of missing cow parts, what? PROBABLE SOLUTION: • Every inedible part of a cow or calf is processed and sold for manufacture--items such as the following: plywood adhesives, synthetic motor oil, cosmetics, detergents, arthritis treatments, gel capsules for medicines, charcoal ash for sugar refining, bank notes, and asphalt paving. • The enormous growth in consumption of edible beef in the U.S. led to the formation of processes using previously unused waste for nonfood manufacturing. • Money is made on the animals’ heels, feet, bones, horns, and lungs. The missing cow parts (11 billion pounds) leave the renderers for shipment to industrial and pharmaceutical plants across the country. POSSIBLE STUDENT HYPOTHESES: 1. Cow parts wind up dumped into landfills, after preparation of beef for human consumption. The remaining cow parts are ignited to heat huge boilers that produce power for the rendering plant. 2. Inedible cow parts are shipped back to the cattle ranchers. Cattle ranchers sell the cattle to foreign renderers. The cattle ranchers must repay the American renderers for all the unused and wasted parts. 3. Renderers “under” report edible beef from rendered cattle to drive the wholesale beef prices higher. 4. The statistical reports issued by the renderers prove inaccurate because of disparate reporting systems in the various states. 5. Ishmael H. Melville was really an “operative” for radical vegetarian groups. A Whale of a Cow Tale, FACT SHEET: 1. Little waste, from cattle rendering, finds its way to landfills. Less than two-percent of the inedible cow parts reach landfills. 2. Some inedible cow parts fuel heating systems in rendering plants. Cow parts, as fuel, constitute less than one-percentage of the waste resulting from rendering. 3. Zero waste products return to ranchers for rebates. Some waste products return from rendering, for a price, to ranchers as feed for cattle and chickens. 4. Waste products for feed, in the U.S., remain illegal. 5. Renderers report statistics derived from rendered cattle of both edible and inedible products. 6. Statistics about cattle rendering depend on the reports of members of professional renderers’ associations. This process bypasses all “state” reporting requirements and possible inconsistencies among the states. 7. Ishmael H. Melville (fictitious name) was not an “operative” for radical vegetarian groups. 8. The consumption of beef products for food increased from about seven billion pounds in 1940, to 15 billion pounds in 1960, and to 27 billion pounds in 1999. 9. Bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE), also known as mad cow disease, spreads by the ingestion of an abnormal protein (prion) from brain tissue of animals. 10. The foot-and-mouth disease is a contagious viral disease of deer and cattle, characterized by fever, mouth blisters, and hoof blisters. The foot-and-mouth disease rarely spreads to humans. 11. BSE spreads to humans who ingest contaminated meat products. 12. Blood from cattle supplies the following products: plywood adhesives, fertilizer, foam fire extinguishers, and chemical fixers for dyes. 13. Cow tallow, taken from meat, bone, hooves, and horns, provides ingredients for shortening for baked goods, chewing gum, and various industrial greases. 14. Beef fatty acids, derived from tallow, are used for plastics, tires, crayons, cosmetics, soaps, fabric softeners, fishing line, and cosmetic gels. 15. Beef glycerin, extract from tallows, aids in the manufacture of cough syrup, eardrops, poison ivy solutions, gel capsules, liquid soaps, candy, aftershave preparations, toilet soap, toothpaste, automobile polish, and cleaners. 16. Cow collagen, obtained from connective tissues and beef skin, provides orthopedic implant coatings, injectable collagen for plastic surgery, wound dressings, and vascular sealants. 17. Gelatin, made from collagen, is used in jellies, jellybeans, marshmallows, caramels, cosmetics, sponges, bookbinding glue, and photograph processing. 18. Cow organs windup in pet food, pericardium patches, cleaning agents, insulin, industrial detergents, heparin, dental implants, and sutures. A Whale of a Cow Tale, REFERENCES and RESOURCES: Banner, M., 1995, Report of the Committee to Consider the Ethical Implications of Emerging Technologies in the Breeding of Farm Animals, HMSO. Chase, S., March 22, 2001, “Federal Agents Seize Vermont Flock,” The Boston Globe. Coe, Sue and Alexander Cockburn, illustrator, 1996, Dead Meat. Cook, Robin, 1997, Toxin, Penguin Putnam Inc., NY. Cowley, G., March 12, 2001, “Cannibals to Cows: The Path of a Deadly Disease,” Newsweek. Franco, Don A. and Winfield Swanson, eds., 1996, The Original Recyclers, Animal Protein Producers, the Fats and Protein Research Foundation, and the National Renderers Association. Gibbs, Clarence J., ed., 1996, Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy: The BSE Dilemma, Springer-Verlag Inc., NY. Klinkenborg, Verlyn, August 2001, “Cow Parts,” Discover, vol. 22. Oldstone, Michael B., eds., et al., 1991, Current Topics in Microbiology and Immunology: Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathies, Scrapie, BSE and Related Human Disorders, Springer-Verlag Inc., NY. Pearson, Albert M. and T. A. Gillett,!1998, Processed Meats, Aspen Publishers, Inc. Pillot, T., et al., 1997, “The 118-135 Peptide Lot: Human Prion Protein Forms Amyloid Fibrils and Induces Liposome Fusion, Journal of Molecular Biology, vol. 274. Ridley Rosalind M. and Harry F. Baker, 1998, Fatal Protein: The Story of CJD, BSE, and Other Prion Diseases, Oxford University Press, Inc. Roy, Kunal B. and Santosh K. Kar,!1998, Mad, Mad Mad Cow an Overview of the Mad Cow Disease, Vigyan Prasar Press. Sinclair, Upton, 2001, The Jungle,Mass Market Paperback. Skaggs, Jimmy, 1986, Prime Cut: Livestock Raising and Meatpacking in the United States, 1607-1983, Texas A&M University Press, College Station, Texas. Voelker, R., 1997, “New Prion Link,” Journal of the American Medical Association, vol. 278. Yeager, Mary and!Glenn Porter, eds., 1981, Competition and Regulation: The Development of Oligopoly in the Meat Packing Industry, vol. 2, Jai Press, Inc. A Whale of a Cow Tale, LINKS: http://www.defra.gov.uk/ http://www.telusplanet.net/public/jross/beefprod.htm http://www.ca.uky.edu/agc/pubs/asc/asc136/asc136.htm http://www.mad-cow.org/00/jan01_late.html http://www.agclassroom.org/teacher/pdf/prairie/6_8/5_beyondBeef.pdf http://www.defra.gov.uk/footandmouth/ http://www.defra.gov.uk/news/2001/010828b.htm http://www.bseinquiry.gov.uk/ http://www.aphis.usda.gov/oa/bse/ http://europa.eu.int/comm/food/fs/bse/index_en.html http://w3.aces.uiuc.edu/AnSci/BSE/ http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/eid/vol7no1/brownG.htm http://www.beef.org/ http://www.findarticles.com/m1200/13_157/61793420/p1/article.jhtml http://home.about.com/travel/hubsearch.htm?terms=cattle+slaughter&SUName=travel&TopNode=2727&x=7&y=7 http://www.cnie.org/nle/meatpoul.html http://www.cyber-dyne.com/~tom/render.html http://www.fda.gov/cvm/index/updates/dairybeefprod.html http://www.tcru.ttu.edu/tcru/kc/pubs/parker/p80.htm http://www.stop-usa.org/ http://www.mad-cow.org/~tom/sum_rendering.html http://vetgate.ac.uk/browse/cabi/detail/bd5f4b0419caa97dd2f9b4d3238ff92f.html http://medicine.bu.edu/dshapiro/zoocow.htm http://amarillo.tamu.edu/~airquality/odor/publications/ http://www.beef.org/dsp/dsp_locationContent.cfm?locationId=214&print=1 http://www.fda.gov/cvm/index//bse/Bse_all.pdf http://www.ag.ndsu.nodak.edu/aginfo/agmag/spring2002/beef-t.pdf http://www.who.int/emc-documents/surveillance/docs/whocdscsrisr992.html/05Creutzfeldt GRADE LEVEL: Secondary. Mad Cow Disease - Is Our Food Safe? 1,022 views UCTV: UC Davis 28 min 36 se Video Now that the Mad Cow disease is in the United States what does it really mean? Is there a health threat to eating beef products? How does ... all it spread and is the testing of our beef supply necessary? This program takes you to the ranches and into the laboratories to find out what science is revealing about this mysterious killer. [Health and Medicine] [Public Affairs] Did you miss these pages? Home Tree Media Links: Discrepant Event: The Samurai Crab Quick Discrepant Event: Guns, Germs, and Steel Discrepant Event: Life on Earth and Mars Discrepant Event: The Titanic Fishing Boats Discrepant Event about oil prices: Crude Pulse Discrepant Event about oil prices/Extra links: Crude Pulse Discrepant Event: Mad Cow Discrepant Event Extra Links: Mad Cow Discrepant Event: Immigration Discrepant Event: Immigration/Extra Links Check Out Our Teacher Books Table of Contents for Mindtronics! and Inquiry Alive! Teacher Links #1 Teacher Links #2 Links to Women in Science Technology Home Tree Media Site Map Email Us Mindtronics, 2nd Edition--William C. Bruce and Jean K. Bruce--Copyright © 2003 Home Tree Media William C. Bruce Associate Dean and Professor College of Education and Psychology Phone: (903) 566-7048 e-mail: wbruce@uttyler.edu http://www.hometreemedia.org Fax: (903) 566-7036 Brought to you by Home Tree Media: Go back to main Concept Attainment Lesson Free Discrepant Event, Friends, smoking & tobacco Discrepant Events and Concept Attainment Syntax and Planning Lessons by Professor William C. Bruce Jean K. Bruce Taken from their books: Mindtronics! and Inquiry Alive!