Immigration Death March from Bataan to Manchuria: Raising a Survivor's Voice A Great lesson resource and inspiration. A FREE lesson your learners will always remember! A New DVD Film, Death March from Bataan to Manchuria: Raising a Survivor's Voice Make teaching easier! New DVD Film, Discrepant Event Lesson Easter Island: Ghosts of Rapa Nui Immigration Discrepant Event Lesson Title: Italian Immigration. Subject: Immigration Authors: William C. Bruce and Jean K. Bruce Italian Immigration Discrepant Event Lessons from the two CD-Rom books: Mindtronics! and Inquiry Alive! Instill interest in the immigration issues of today by studying past immigration. The Benefits of Immigration Idaho Senator Larry Craig's floor speech regarding the value of immigration to the United States. The speech was delivered on the floor of the United States Senate on April 6, 2006. Go back to main Concept Attainment Lesson William C. Bruce Associate Dean and Professor College of Education and Psychology Phone: (903) 566-7048 e-mail: wbruce@uttyler.edu http://www.hometreemedia.org Fax: (903) 566-7036 Do the Right Thing, Culture, Immigration Home Tree Media First, before reading the lesson (Italian Immigration) below, what is a discrepant event inquiry? Quick Overview A Discrepant event inquiry represents a teaching model initiated by a puzzling situation or event. Students ask questions, gather data, pose hypotheses, analyze information, synthesize answers, and draw tentative conclusions while constructing the best answer. What are the Rules of a Discrepant Event Inquiry Lesson? 1: Students phrase questions; the questions solicit yes or no responses. 2: A student may ask as many questions in sequence as desired. 3: The teacher refrains from answering theory questions with yes or no responses. Instead, the teacher answers using words similar to the following: "That’s a theory; let’s explore your theory more." 4: Students may challenge any proposed theories, at any time. 5: Students conduct conferences, without teacher participation, summarizing information and theories. 6: A teacher provides reference materials during the inquiry. * Explain the six rules to your students. * Post the rules so every student can see the rules. * After explaining the discrepant event inquiry rules, show the rules through examples. * Typical interactions from students help any inquiry stand on solid footing, especially during the main lesson. * As you define the rules to your students (during Phase One) reveal a hint about the discrepant event. A Brief Outline of a Discrepant Event Inquiry Process: Phase One: Presenting the Discrepant Event Explain the inquiry rules and procedures Pose the discrepant event Formulate the problem question Phase Two: Data Gathering/Verification Ask questions about objects and conditions Ask questions to verify the discrepancy Phase Three: Data Gathering/Experimentation Ask questions about important variables Ask hypothetical and casual questions Phase Four: Formulate an Explanation Summarize and reach a probable hypothesis Phase Five: Analyze the Inquiry Process Analyze questioning and strategy Develop new questioning strategies Metacognition What is a Discrepant Event Module? A discrepant event inquiry lesson module is a lesson that presents discrepant events from science, social studies, and nearly any disciplines. Each lesson module includes the following features: 1. a discrepant event inquiry 2. a list of a discipline or disciplines involved 3. a list of key concepts 4. a list of problem statements 5. a list of probable solutions, 6. a list of possible student hypotheses 7. fact sheet(s) 8. a list of references and resources 9. a list of external links 10. a suggested grade level _____ Master Inquiry Teaching Mindtronics! and Inquiry Alive! Copyright Info. The following lesson is excerpted from Mindtronics! and Inquiry Alive! William C. Bruce and Jean K. Bruce Copyright © 2004-2006 Reproduced by permission. All rights reserved. Teachers are permitted to use this lesson in their classrooms providing they include copyright information. Please also include this web site address. Note: The following lesson format will look different, here, than in your CD-ROM books, Mindtronics! and Inquiry Alive! Please, use this lesson only in your classrooms. * Remember, please, to include our copyright information. _____ Italian Immigration DISCREPANT EVENT Spence G. Ravini and his sister Nancy Dolores Ravini wrote to many people to find out more about their father’s grandfather, Romeo Ravini. Spence found that different generations of the Ravini family came to the U.S., between 1890 and 1930. Spence learned that about 4.5 million Italians came to the U.S., between 1890 and 1930. Nancy had heard their old uncle, Bernard, say that he thought Romeo Ravini had gone to Greece before he resettled back in New York. Nancy phoned Bernard. Bernard said, “Nancy, I think, Romeo was engaged to a lady in Greece, Bella Bertos, of Athens. Bertos was the name of Bella’s first husband. I think she was Spanish. Her family, Martinez, came to New York from Spain.” Bernard laughed, “And the Bertos and Martinez families moved here about ten years after Romeo moved here. Funny, though Romeo and Bella were no longer engaged, I was told they all lived within four blocks of each other.” Shortly after talking with Bernard, Nancy read several books about people moving to the U.S. from other countries. The day after Nancy finished reading the 13 last book, Nancy said to Spence, “I found something odd. You found out that, between 1890 and 1930, about 4.5 million Italians came to the U.S., recall? Many settlers came to America from Spain, Greece, and other Southern European countries. Well, I found that less than one million Italians came here between 1930 and 1980. Similar cuts in people coming to America, between the years 1930 and 1980, also happened from other Southern European countries.” Italian Immigration, DISCIPLINE: Sociology, History, Political Science. Italian Immigration, KEY CONCEPTS: Immigration, Prejudice, Italy, U.S. Italian Immigration, PROBLEM STATEMENT: Why did immigration to the U.S. from Italy and other Southern European countries decline dramatically? Italian Immigration, PROBABLE SOLUTION: 1. Depressed economic conditions in Southern Europe, especially in Italy, influenced a great exodus of people to the U.S. 2. The U.S. provided a land of great opportunity while undergoing important economic expansion during the Industrial Revolution. 3. After World War I, many Americans of Northern European ancestry viewed the influx of Southern Europeans as a threat to the economic, cultural, and political stability of the U.S. 4. The Spanish, Greek, and Italian “threat” generated bigotry against darker-skinned immigrants. 5. Starting in 1921, a series of laws gained passage in the U.S. The laws severely restricted immigration into America. The laws primarily restricted immigration from Southern European countries. 6. The new immigration laws decreased immigration from Italy into the U.S. Italian Immigration, POSSIBLE STUDENT HYPOTHESES: 1. Economic conditions improved in Italy, resulting in a decline of immigration into the U.S. 2. Most Italians wishing entry into America left for the U.S., before passage of the law; fewer people from Italy cared to come to America after that law. 3. The government of Italy outlawed emigration. 4. The Great Depression and World War II kept Italians from emigrating. 5. The U.S. stopped providing an attractive economic option for immigrants. The immigrants opted to go to other countries. Italian Immigration, FACT SHEET: 1. Between 1820 and 1980, 5.3 million Italians immigrated into the U.S. 2. Only 300,000 Italians immigrated to the U.S., 1960-1980. 3. Seventy-three-percent of all U.S. immigrants relocated from Southern Europe, 1820 to 1980. 4. The U.S. immigrants disembarked from Northern Europe at the rate of 90-percent, before 1890. 5. The 1921 Quota Act established limits totaling three-percent of persons from each country living in the U.S., 1910. 6. The 1921 Quota Act limited total immigration into the U.S. to 357,000 individuals a year. 7. The 1924 Immigration Act established a national quota, per country, of two-percent of the total number of persons from each country living in the U.S., 1890. 8. The 1924 Act limited immigration to 164,000 individuals per year. 9. Northern European countries were allotted 80-percent of the quota. The U.S. census provided the base year for calculating the immigration quota for each country, 1890. 10. Before 1882, the U.S. allowed free unregulated immigration. 11. The 1917 and 1924 Immigration Acts barred all Asian immigrants. 12. Many immigrants start work in the lowest paying jobs. 13. Economic conditions improved significantly in the countries of Northern Europe during the 19th century; these countries had provided most of the immigrants to the U.S. Hundreds of thousands of Italians, wishing immigration to the U.S., were denied an entry under the new immigration laws. 14. The Fascist regime in Italy restricted emigration, during the 1930s. The Fascists encouraged emigration to their North African colonies. 15. The Great Depression negatively affected Italy and the U.S., in the 1930s. 16. World War II interfered with the free movement of immigrants. 17. After World War II, immigration from Italy into the U.S. remained severely restricted by law. 18. Total immigration to the U.S., 1880 - 1960: YEAR: IMMIGRANTS: 1881 -90 5,246,613 1891 -00 3,687,564 1901 -10 8,795,386 1911 -20 5,735,811 1921 -30 4,107,203 1931 -40 528,431 1941 -50 1,035,039 1951 -60 2,515,479 Italian Immigration, REFERENCES and RESOURCES: Baily, Samuel L.,!1999, Immigrants in the Lands of Promise: Italians in Buenos Aires and New York City, 1870-1914, Cornell University Press. Bender, D. L. and Bruno Leone, eds., 1990, Immigration, Opposing Viewpoints, Greenhaven. Brooman, Josh, 1985, “The End of Old Europe: The Causes of the First World War 1914-18,” Longman Twentieth Century History Series, Longman. Couture, Jean-Claude, Victor Lehman, and Dennis Nosyk, 1983, Approaches to Political and Economic Systems, Globe Modern. Fuchs, L., 1996, “Four False Alarms and Two Beams of Light,” International Migration Review. Gabori, Susan, 1993, In Search of Paradise: The Odyssey of an Italian Family, McGill-Queens University Press. Hondagneu-Sotelo, Pierrette, 1996, “American Dreaming: Immigrant Life on the Margins,” American Journal of Sociology. Laska, Vera, 1993, Dictionary of American Immigration History, International Journal on World Peace. Lutz, Helma, 1995, The Legacy of Migration: Immigrant Mothers and Daughters and the Process of Intergenerational Transmission, Comenius. Mangione, Jerre and Ben Morreale, 1993, La Storia:!Five Centuries of the Italian-American Experience, HarperTrade. Morreale, Ben and Robert Carola,!2000, Italian Americans: The Immigrant Experience, Levin, Hugh Lauter Associates. Peck, Gunther,!2000, Reinventing Free Labor:!Padrone and Immigrant Workers in the North American West, 1880-1930, Cambridge University Press. Richards, David,!1999, Italian American:!The Racializing of an Ethic Identity, New York University Press. Roberts, Martin, 1992, “Italian Renaissance,” A Sense of History Series, Longman Pub. Group. Ryon Quir, Patriciai, 1998, Ellis Island, Children's Press. Weinberger, Kimberly A., 2000, Journey to a New Land: An Oral History, Mondo Publishing. Woodruff, Elvira, 1997, The Orphan of Ellis Island, A Time-Travel Adventure, Scholastic, Inc. Note: Some of the following links are new for online visitors. The new links are not in the books: Mindtronics! and Inquiry Alive! Italian Immigration, LINKS: http://home.att.net/~arnielang/ship04.html http://www.pbs.org/fmc/book/6religion3.htm http://www.pbs.org/wnet/historyofus/web08/segment5_p.html http://www.americaslibrary.gov/cgi-bin/page.cgi/jb/1878-1889 http://www.archives.gov/search/index.html http://www.pbs.org/kcet/newamericans/6.0/6.01site.html http://www.pbs.org/itvs/thecity/america1.html http://www.byubroadcasting.org/ancestors/ http://www.pbs.org/kcet/newamericans/4.0/4.02film.html http://www.pbs.org/destinationamerica/usim.html http://www.pbs.org/fmc/timeline/efrontieressay.htm http://www.questia.com/Index.jsp?CRID=italian_americans&OFFID=se2 http://www.gilderlehrman.org/ http://www.aplici.org/ http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2001/03/0323_bostonnort.html http://www.boston-online.com/cityviews/northend.html http://edsitement.neh.gov/view_lesson_plan.asp?ID=291 http://www.italianstudies.org/ http://users.iol.it/f-pelli/f-pelli.other.html http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/sawhtml/sacap.html http://www.loc.gov/exhibits/dres/dresremb.html http://tlc.discovery.com/tvlistings/episode.jsp?episode=104&cpi=51643&gid=337&channel=TLC http://www.odci.gov/cia/publications/factbook/index.html http://saintritashrine.org/ http://www.clasp.org/ http://www.oberlin.edu/faculty/ndarling/adolesce.htm http://infomgmt.homestead.com/ http://www.marist.edu/summerscholars/97/italian.htm http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/ndlpedu/features/immig/italian.html http://memory.loc.gov/ http://memory.loc.gov/learn/features/immig/italian_map.html Grade Level: Middle, Secondary. _____ Discrepant Event: Immigration/Extra Links William C. Bruce Associate Dean and Professor College of Education and Psychology Phone: (903) 566-7048 e-mail: wbruce@uttyler.edu http://www.hometreemedia.org Fax: (903) 566-7036 Home Tree Media Go to the following URL addresses to learn more about William C. Bruce and Jean K. Bruce through their blogs: University of Texas at Tyler, EPP University of Texas at Tyler, CPDT http://www.uttyler.edu/c_i/bruce.htm Free discrepant event lesson, 9-11 Blog: Pay Teachers More Blog: Test Scores Home Tree Media Did you miss these Home Tree Media Links? Discrepant Event: The Samurai Crab About Mindtronics! and Inquiry Alive! Discrepant event lessons are timeless Quick Discrepant Event: Guns, Germs, and Steel Check Out Our Teacher Books Discrepant Event: Life on Earth and Mars Discrepant Event: The Titanic Fishing Boats Do you Micromanage? Practice your Cognitive Objectives from The Dimensional Thinker Discrepant Event about oil prices: Crude Pulse Discrepant Event about oil prices/Extra links: Crude Pulse Discrepant Event: Mad Cow Discrepant Event Extra Links: Mad Cow Teacher Links #1 Teacher Links #2 Links to Women in Science Technology Free Multicultural Activity Contact Information Tronics of the Mind Discrepant Event: Immigration Discrepant Event: Immigration/Extra Links Website Links Relating to the U.S. Presidency: Review President Lincoln's Emancipation Proclamation: National Freedom Day, The Gettysburg Address, and Rosa Parks The US Constitution Table of Contents/Mindtronics! and Inquiry Alive! Email Us Home Tree Media Site Map Go back to: Resource Page Go back to main Concept Attainment Lesson