A FREE lesson your learners will always remember! A New DVD Film, Death March from Bataan to Manchuria: Raising a Survivor's Voice Discrepant Event Lesson Title: Life on Earth and Mars Subject: Science, Earth and Mars Watch 2nd video - end of page: MILESTONES IN TEACHING - Evaporation and Condensation McClochendichter Studios 1 min 35 sec - Aug 27, 2006 Basic Geography lesson using 19th century methods. First video: Earth and Mars NASA Connect Video containing six segments as described below. NASA Connect Segment involving students in a classroom activity that...measures shadows and uses geometry to determine sizes of angles. NASA Connect Segmentexplaining questions about Erastothenes, the Earth's circumference, parallel lines, angle relationships,and a transversal. NASA Connect Segment featuring an online activity to show students how to design a planetary observer like the Mars Global Surveyor. NASA Connect Segment explaining surveying and how surveyors use geometry. NASA Connect Segment exploring how the Mars Global Surveyor works and how students survey Mars by using shadows, angles, and geometry. The video also explains how land formations are measured on Mars. NASA Connect Segment explaining how NASA scientists survey Mars with the Mars Global Surveyor. The video also explains aerobraking and how geometry influences this. Professor William C. Bruce Jean K. Bruce Taken from their books: Mindtronics! and Inquiry Alive! William C. Bruce Associate Dean and Professor College of Education and Psychology Phone: (903) 566-7048 e-mail: wbruce@uttyler.edu http://www.hometreemedia.org Fax: (903) 566-7036 Web Address of a "teacher must have" Power Point, 120 Slides Presentation: Lesson Planning By Professor William C. Bruce Lesson Planning   Back to: Resource Page Master Teaching by using Discrepant Events, also known as Inquiry Teaching Back to Free Resources and Lessons 2 Master Teacher Mindtronics! and Inquiry Alive! Copyright Information: The following discrepant event lesson is an updated version excerpted from Mindtronics! and Inquiry Alive! William C. Bruce and Jean K. Bruce Copyright © 2004-2006 Reproduced by permission. All rights reserved. Teachers are permitted to use this discrepant event lesson in their classrooms providing they include copyright information. Please also include this web site address. Note: The following discrepant event lesson format and some content will look different, here, than in your CD-ROM books, Mindtronics! and Inquiry Alive! Please, use this lesson only in your classrooms. * Remember, please, to include our copyright information. Brought to you by Home Tree Media Life on Earth and Mars Discrepant Event The geologic record of the earliest forms of life on Earth, at first glance, strikes people as an empty record. Yet, in some of the very oldest rocks on Earth, scientists find complex microbial fossils. These earliest fossils look too complex for us to regard as the first living things on Earth. The early forms of life on Mars, if the life forms existed, are there, awaiting discovery in the fossil record of the planet. Life on Earth and Mars DISCIPLINE: Life Science, History, Geography. Life on Earth and Mars KEY CONCEPTS: Plate Tectonics, Fossils, DNA, Mars, Earth, Life. Life on Earth and Mars PROBLEM STATEMENT: Why do scientists believe that if early life existed on Mars the fossil records should reflect the evidence, while evidence of early life on Earth, left no fossil record? Life on Earth and Mars PROBABLE SOLUTION: Earth experienced constant recycling of its surface as geologic plates moved and returned to the molten subsurface of the planet. Older rocks have disappeared resulting from plate tectonics on Earth. Mars, on the other hand, experienced plate tectonics only during its first 500 million years. Rocks containing fossils of possible life forms still exist unchanged since plate tectonics stopped on Mars. The lack of plate tectonics, during times when life likely started on Mars, may prove life once, or still, exists on Mars. Life on Earth and Mars POSSIBLE STUDENT HYPOTHESES: 1. The lack of water on Mars resulted in a stable geologic environment. Earth’s water cycle constantly erases proof of early life. 2. The Martians destroyed all early life evidence. They do not want Earthlings to know that life exists on Mars. 3. The Earth received more asteroid and comet collisions than Mars received. The constant impacts erased all proof of life on Earth. 4. Life on Mars relied on silicon as its base of life. Silicon fossils last longer than the carbon based life forms on Earth. 5. The lack of atmosphere, on Mars, results in the protection of fossils in the windless environments of Mars. 6. Mars experiences colder atmospheric temperatures than Earth. Fossils on Mars froze and remained preserved. Life on Earth and Mars FACT SHEET: Significant amounts of water existed, perhaps still exists, on Mars. Evidence of flowing water and resulting erosion abounds on the planet. No creditable proof points to intelligent life on Mars. Both Mars and Earth received significant comet and asteroid impacts during the early developmental period of planet formation. Ancient impact craters exist on Earth despite billions of years of erosion. Silicon life forms remain science fiction. Silicon life forms evidence only in science fiction. The wind speeds on Mars far exceed wind speeds on Earth. Mars experiences wide variance in temperature. Most regions on Mars range from extremely cold to boiling hot within a typical Martian year. The NASA Mars Global Surveyor found surprising indications of early Martian crust movements. Mars evidences a more dynamic Earth-like geology. Erosion, subduction, and deposition erased Earth’s earliest geological formations. The early crust of Mars exists as heavily cratered highlands. The concept of Earth’s (late) tectonics surfaced, in 1912. Confirmation of the theories came during the 1960s. This plate tectonics model revolutionized geologists’ understanding of the forces that shaped Earth. Magnetic field measurements suggest plate tectonics remodeled Mars for the first half billion years of its 4.5 billion years. Earth’s water cycle provides a natural lubricant for the movement of Earth’s crust. Perhaps water played an identical role on ancient Mars. Tectonic plates carrying fossil records disappear at subduction zones. Subduction zones create ocean trenches and volcanoes. Cyanobacteria or “blue-green” algae left fossil records as old as the Precambrian era- nearly 3.5 billion years ago; these fossils are among the oldest fossils currently known on Earth. Meteorites are the oldest rocks found on Earth. Earth’s oldest native rocks range from about 3.9 billion years ago. These archaic rocks remain scarce because geological processes of the rock cycle (tectonic uplift, erosion, and subduction) continue. The Moon’s surface consists mainly of rock similar to the oldest Earth rock. Life on Earth and Mars REFERENCES and RESOURCES: Begley, S., A. Murr and T. Weingarten, December 1999, “The Search For Life,” Newsweek. Carr, Michael H., 1995, Water on Mars, Oxford University Press, Inc. Cook, William J., August 1993, “The Invasion of Mars: Mission to Mars,” U.S. News & World Report. Digregorio, B., Patricia A. Straat, and G. Levin, 1997, Mars: The Living Planet, Frog, Limited. Eldredge, Niles, 1995, Mass Extinction and Human Responsibility, Biology, Ethics, and the Origins of Life, Jones and Bartlett Publishers, Boston. Evans, J., November 1988, “The Division of the Martian Eccentricity from Hipparchos to Kepler: A History of the Approximations to Kepler Motion,” American Journal of Physics, vol. 56. Flatow, Ira, February 2001, “Analysis: Discovery of Oldest Crystal Ever Found on Earth has Caused Scientists to Reevaluate Their Ideas About the Age of the Planet,” Talk of the Nation Science Friday, National Public Radio. Fradin, Dennis Brindell, 1999, Is There Life on Mars?, Simon & Schuster Children. Goldin, D.S., August 1996, “Are We Really Martians? Analysis of Meteorite ALH8400 Found in Antarctica,” Introduction to Mars Views of the Solar System, Los Alamos National Laboratory. Kerr, Richard A., 2000, “Geologists Pursue Solar System's Oldest Relics,” Science Geological Society of America Meeting. Oparin, Aleksandr Ivanovich, 1953, The Origin of Life, Dover Publications, NY. Piers, Bizony, 1998, The Exploration of Mars: Searching for the Cosmic Origins of Life, London Bridge. Stanley, Steven M. and W.F. Rudderman, 1995, "Neogene Ice Age in the North Atlantic Region: Climatic Changes, Biotic Effects, and Forcing Factors," Effects of Past Global Change on Life, National Academy Press. Stevenson, David J., April 2000, “Planetary Solids Older than Earth,” Science. Walker, M., 1996, Evolution of Hydrothermal Ecosystems on Earth and Mars, John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Walters, Malcolm, 1999, The Search for Life on Mars, Perseus Publishing. Watson, Traci, S. Brownlee and M.A. Schulte, August 1996, “The Martian Chronicles,” U.S. News & World Report. Life on Earth and Mars LINKS: http://astrobiology.arc.nasa.gov/roadmap/1998/objectives/o5_planetary_biological.html http://astrobiology.arc.nasa.gov/roadmap/1998/goals/g4_biosphere_earth.html http://astrobiology.arc.nasa.gov/sciencegoals/g4_biosphere_earth.html http://marsprogram.jpl.nasa.gov/funzone_flash.html http://ares.jsc.nasa.gov/Education/publications/99brochure.pdf http://marsrovers.jpl.nasa.gov/gallery/press/spirit/20060120a.html http://sm3a.gsfc.nasa.gov/downloads/sm3a_media_guide/HST-science+discovery.pdf http://sunearth.gsfc.nasa.gov/sunearthday/2004/vt_mars_planetary_2004.htm http://www.solarviews.com/eng/marsmag.htm http://www.marsdaily.com/water.html http://mars.jpl.nasa.gov/mgs/ http://www.nai.arc.nasa.gov/library/downloads/IV.pdf http://www.planetscapes.com/solar/eng/earthint.htm http://www.sgm.org.uk/ http://www.ed.gov/free/s-scienc.html http://observe.arc.nasa.gov/nasa/education/teach_guide/tectonics.html http://science.msfc.nasa.gov/newhome/headlines/ast29apr99_1.htm http://www.agu.org/cgi-bin/sessionsfm01?meeting=fm01&part=P32C&maxhits=100 http://www.ned.dem.csiro.au/research/solidMech/ScienceNOW/index.html http://www.seds.org/billa/tnp/earth.html http://www.brainpop.com/ http://nai.arc.nasa.gov/news_stories/news_detail.cfm?ID=282 HREF="http://www.redcolony.com/">http://www.redcolony.com/ http://ntrs.nasa.gov/ http://www.solarviews.com/cap/mgs/ http://www.learner.org/resources/resource.html?uid=78 http://www.wcresa.k12.mi.us/nasa/mars_life_planetary.htm http://www.windows.ucar.edu/ http://curator.jsc.nasa.gov/antmet/marsmets/index.cfm http://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/geology/tectonics.html http://www.resa.net/nasa/mars_life_gifossil.htm http://astrobiology.arc.nasa.gov/topics/mars_meteorites.html http://www.pbs.org/safarchive/4_class/45_pguides/pguide_902/4492_why.html http://barsoom.msss.com/mars_images/moc/science_paper/f1b/ http://history.nasa.gov/CP-2156/ch2.1.htm http://marsrovers.jpl.nasa.gov/gallery/press/spirit/20060512a.html http://marsrovers.jpl.nasa.gov/classroom/students.html http://marsrovers.jpl.nasa.gov/classroom/ http://www.nasa.gov/externalflash/constellation_front/index.html http://nai.arc.nasa.gov/news_stories/news_print.cfm?ID=283 http://nai.arc.nasa.gov/about/publications_display.cfm?Page=42&TeamAll=1 http://astrobiology.arc.nasa.gov/roadmap/g4.html http://ksnn.larc.nasa.gov/21Century/p8.html Life on Earth and Mars GRADE LEVEL: Secondary. 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Milestones in Teaching - Evaporation and Condensation
	MILESTONES IN TEACHING - Evaporation and Condensation McClochendichter Studios 1 min 35 sec - Aug 27, 2006 Basic Geography lesson using 19th century methods that really work.

GongGong & other Image Overviews and Credits Image Overviews and Credits: 2006-05-19 Mars Exploration Rover (MER) IA08466: Cobbles in Troughs Between Meridiani Ripples (False Color) Full Resolution: (6.007 MB) JPEG (349.2 kB) Press Release Images: Spirit 12-May-2006 This image shows two shallow, circular holes, one above and one below, that meet in the middle to form an indentation shaped like a figure eight in the Martian soil. The holes are within a larger circular area created by the rock abrasion tool. Inside and outside the holes are tiny, mashed clumps of soil created under pressure from the robotic arm. The total area of the image is approximately 6 centimeters (2.4 inches) square. Salty Ex (False Color) NASA's Mars Exploration Rover Spirit spent the Martin Luther King, Jr. holiday weekend analyzing a remarkable exposure of bright, loose material. Spirit discovered the material while driving toward "Home Plate" along the floor of the basin south of "Husband Hill" in Gusev Crater. These images from Spirit's panoramic camera (Pancam) show some of the most colorful deposits yet photographed on the surface of Mars. Image credit: NASA/JPL/Cornel _____ This image shows Mars jagged mini-landscape on a rock called 'GongGong.' The surface measures only 3 CM across, but it records two of the most important and violent forces in the history of Mars -- volcanoes and wind. Hardened Lava Meets Wind on Mars NASA's Mars Exploration Rover Spirit used its microscopic imager to capture this spectacular, jagged mini-landscape on a rock called "GongGong. " Measuring only 3 centimeters (1.2 inches) across, this surface records two of the most important and violent forces in the history of Mars -- volcanoes and wind. GongGong formed billions of years ago in a seething, stirring mass of molten rock. It captured bubbles of gases that were trapped at great depth but had separated from the main body of lava as it rose to the surface. Like taffy being stretched and tumbled, the molten rock was deformed as it moved across an ancient Martian landscape. The tiny bubbles of gas were deformed as well, becoming elongated. When the molten lava solidified, the rock looked like a frozen sponge. Far from finished with its life, the rock then withstood billions of years of pelting by small sand grains carried by Martian dust storms that sometimes blanketed the planet. The sand wore away the surface until, little by little, the delicate strands that enclosed the bubbles of gas were breached and the spiny texture we see today emerged. Even now, wind continues to deposit sand and dust in the holes and crevices of the rock. Similar rocks can be found on Earth where the same complex interplay of volcanoes and weathering occur, whether it be the pelting of rocks by sand grains in the Mojave desert or by ice crystals in the frigid Antarctic. GongGong is one of a group of rocks studied by Spirit and informally named by the Athena Science Team to honor the Chinese New Year (the Year of the Dog). In Chinese mythology, GongGong was the god-king of water in the North Land. When he sacrificed his life to knock down Mount BuZhou, he defeated the bad Emperor in Heaven, freed the sun, moon and stars to go from east to west, and caused all the rivers in China to flow from west to east. Spirit's microscopic imager took this image during on the rover's 736th day, or sol, of exploring Mars (Jan. 28, 2006). The rock lies in the "Inner Basin" between "Husband Hill" and "McCool Hill" in Gusev Crater. Spirit acquired the image while the rock was fully shadowed, with diffuse illumination mostly from the top in this view. Image credit: NASA/JPL-Caltech/Cornell/USGS William C. Bruce Associate Dean and Professor College of Education and Psychology Phone: (903) 566-7048 e-mail: wbruce@uttyler.edu http://www.hometreemedia.org Fax: (903) 566-7036 Home Tree Media Home Tree Media Links: Discrepant Event: The Samurai Crab Quick Discrepant Event: Guns, Germs, and Steel Discrepant Event: Life on Earth and Mars Discrepant Event: The Titanic Fishing Boats Discrepant Event about oil prices: Crude Pulse Discrepant Event about oil prices/Extra links: Crude Pulse Discrepant Event: Mad Cow Discrepant Event Extra Links: Mad Cow Discrepant Event: Immigration Discrepant Event: Immigration/Extra Links Website Links Relating to the U.S. Presidency: Review President Lincoln's Emancipation Proclamation: National Freedom Day, The Gettysburg Address, and Rosa Parks The US Constitution Check Out Our Teacher Books Table of Contents for Mindtronics! and Inquiry Alive! Teacher Links #1 Teacher Links #2 Links to Women in Science Technology Home Tree Media Site Map Email Us Back to Free Resources and Lessons 2